Battery

Use Batteryinfoview to monitor the health of the battery and voltage during charge and discharge

https://www.nirsoft.net/utils/battery_information_view.html

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

for a s3 battery the charged voltage was 12.24 which is while being discharged which is 4.08V per cell

The Vostro 3s battery  Laptop goes to shot down at 11.1V which is 3.7v

Milli-Ohm

Battery Voltage

Ranking
<75

 

3.6

Supper new

75-150mOhm

3.6V

Excellent

150-250mOhm

3.6V

Good

250-350mOhm

3.6V

Marginal

350-500mOhm

3.6V

Poor

Above 500mOhm

3.6V

Fail

 

 

 

Keeppower Technology Co., Ltd. is a well-established mid-sized Chinese battery manufacturer founded in 2008 in Guangdong, China. Unlike generic fly-by-night brands found on online marketplaces, Keeppower functions as an original design manufacturer (ODM). They have an estimated revenue of around $5.9 million USD, and an estimated employee size of 50 to 200 workers operating under ISO-certified facility standards. Their products are heavily white-labeled across Amazon under dozens of placeholder brand names. [1, 2, 3, 4]

When comparing corporate scales, XTAR is a larger, more vertically integrated company with broader global commercial reach, while Keeppower operates as a mid-sized, highly focused assembly specialist.
Both are rooted in the electronics hub of Shenzhen, China, but their organizational sizes and infrastructure reflect their different business targets. [1, 2]

Scale & Structure Comparison

Metric / Dimension XTAR (Shenzhen XTAR Electronics) Keeppower (Keeppower Technology)
Estimated Company Size Large (Integrated hardware, R&D, and finished goods) Medium-Large (Specialized assembly footprint)
Employee Footprint ~101 to 200+ employees (Spanning independent factory lines and R&D divisions) ~50 to 100+ employees (Leaner, specialized focus on technical packaging/BMS)
Annual Revenue Tier Estimated at $10 Million – $50 Million USD Estimated at $5 Million – $10 Million USD
Infrastructure Complexity High (Owns full SMT lines, injection molds, and testing labs) Moderate (Assembles third-party tier-1 chemistry cells into pack housings)
Global Distribution Reach Over 120 countries with massive retail brand awareness Over 50 countries, largely driven by direct client contracts

1. XTAR: The Consumer-Facing Integrated Giant

XTAR (founded in 2006) operates as a larger corporate entity because they do not just make batteries; they design and build complex finished hardware. [2, 3, 4]
 
  •  
  • The Infrastructure: XTAR functions as an integrated technology factory. Because they engineer universally distributed smart battery chargers, flashlights, and medical power kits, they require a multi-layered workforce consisting of circuit firmware designers, electrical engineers, and plastic casing manufacturing facilities. [2, 4, 5]
  • Market Footprint: They hold over 70 global patents and have independent consumer retail channels spanning globally. Their size allows them to run heavy, automated high-volume production lines that handle everything from microscopic surface-mount technology (SMT) circuit assembly up to full plastic injection molding. [2, 5]
  •  

2. Keeppower: The Highly Streamlined Pack Assembler

 
Keeppower (founded in 2008) operates at a tighter, more efficient industrial scale. Because they do not heavily market general consumer gadgets like flashlights or multi-bay digital charging bays, their overhead is much leaner. [6, 7]
 
  •  
  • The Infrastructure: Keeppower’s facilities in Shenzhen and Dongguan are structured heavily around specialized production—such as spot-welding battery arrays, wiring custom logic boards, setting up safety insulation wraps, and running stringent UN38.3 certification labs. [1, 8, 9]
  • Market Footprint: Their focus is strictly business-to-business (B2B) and industrial contracting. Because their engineering team primarily focuses on safe multi-cell distribution rather than consumer-product product marketing campaigns, they scale their company around specialized custom project output rather than mass-market volume. [1, 7, 9, 10]
  •  
Are you evaluating their relative sizes to judge supply-chain safety and capacity capabilities for a major corporate contract purchase?
 

 

 

 

The metrics below are synthesized from independent capacity, voltage, and thermal stress evaluations under controlled discharge loads: [1, 2, 3]
 
Metric / Test Case Keeppower P1450I3 (4700mWh)
XTAR 1.5V AA (4150mWh)
Advertised Energy 4,700 mWh 4,150 mWh
Advertised Ah Equivalent ~3,133 mAh (at 1.5V) ~2,500 mAh (at 1.5V)
Low-Load Test (0.2A) ~4,100 to 4,250 mWh real energy output delivered. ~3,550 to 3,650 mWh real energy output delivered.
High-Load Test (1.5A–2.0A) ~3,700 mWh delivered. Voltage drops down to its cutoff early due to thermal safety constraints. ~3,200 to 3,300 mWh delivered. Voltage holds tight before stepping down.
Circuit Efficiency ~87% to 90% (The internal buck converter converts chemistry safely but drops energy to heat). ~85% to 88% (Highly stable synchronous buck converter running at 1.5 MHz).
Output Regulation Voltage Strict 1.50V flat line.

 Highly strict 1.52V flat line.
Depletion Profile Hard Cutoff: Instantly cuts out to 0V when the cell is depleted. Voltage Droop Emulation: Shifts intentionally from 1.52V down to 1.11V at the final 10% reserve.
Continuous Overcurrent Trip Safely cuts power at 2.0A to 2.1A continuous. Safely cuts power at 2.0A continuous (Allows brief bursts up to 3.2A).
Average Charging Time ~5 hours standard (using Keeppower i4/i8 at 260mA). ~2.5 to 2.9 hours (using XTAR L4 charger at 500mA per slot).

 

Keeppower acts as the primary manufacturer (ODM) behind many lithium battery architectures. In contrast, Artman is an online brand that relies on space-saving internal cell layout (advertised as 96.8% footprint utility) to deliver mid-tier specs at a low cost.

 

 

3600mWh Three-Way Load Comparison

 

 
Current Load Profile Keeppower P1450I (3600mWh)
Dracutum 1.5V (3600mWh)
Artman 1.5V (3600mWh)
Advertised Energy 3,600 mWh 3,600 mWh 3,600 mWh
Low-Drain Load (0.1A–0.2A)

Smart sensors, wall clocks		 ~3,400 to 3,500 mWh real energy output. Peak structural translation. ~3,000 to 3,250 mWh real energy. Minor parasitic overhead idling. ~3,100 to 3,250 mWh real energy. Highly linear delivery curves.
Medium-Drain Load (0.5A–1.0A)

Xbox pads, VR wands, smart locks		 ~3,100 to 3,200 mWh real energy. Holds a clean, quiet 1.50V. ~2,850 mWh real energy. Regulates voltage effectively. ~2,800 to 2,900 mWh real energy. Generates mild conversion heat.
High-Drain Load (1.5A–2.0A)

Flashlights, motor toys, trail cams		 ~2,750 to 2,900 mWh real energy. Excellent thermal control. ~2,500 mWh real energy. Efficiency drops to ~77% under heavy drag. ~2,400 to 2,500 mWh real energy. Internal resistance drops efficiency.
Peak Pulse Current 3.0A instant-drain limit. Safely manages spike loads. 3.0A instant-drain limit. Handles quick motorized burst requests. 2.0A continuous threshold. Strict safety envelope rules.
End-of-Charge Profile Instant Dead Cutoff: Stays flat at 1.5V then drops cleanly to 0V. Telemetry Step-Down: Intentionally drops to 1.1V near depletion. Telemetry Step-Down: Steps output down to 1.1V during its final 10%.
Charging Setup Dedicated Keeppower i4/i8 bay docks (~5-hour cycle). Integrated USB-C Travel Charging Box (~3-hour cycle). Multi-slot Desktop Charging Organizer (~3-hour cycle).

 

 

Dracutum is a small-scale, private-label consumer electronics brand that operates as an e-commerce storefront rather than an industrial manufacturer.
When looking into the company structure and its manufacturing reality, Dracutum’s business model relies entirely on third-party manufacturing: [1]
 
Company Size & Operational Footprint
  • Corporate Scale: Small. Dracutum is a trademarked consumer brand marketed directly to retail shoppers on e-commerce platforms like Amazon, Walmart, and Best Buy Marketplace. It does not operate corporate B2B offices, a widespread global supply network, or industrial engineering facilities like XTAR or Keeppower. [1, 2, 3]
  • Employee Base: Estimated at under 10 employees, focusing primarily on digital storefront management, listing optimization, and customer service.
 
OEM & Manufacturing Capabilities
Dracutum has no independent OEM or manufacturing capabilities. They function as a “white-label” or private-label brand.
  • The Real Manufacturer: Import and regulatory listings reveal that Dracutum’s 1.5V lithium AA products are contract-manufactured by massive Chinese battery conglomerates, such as Jiangxi DBK Co., Ltd. (a prominent OEM battery factory that produces power cells for dozens of brands globally)

 

Jiangxi DBK Co., Ltd. manufactures OEM 1.5V rechargeable lithium-ion AA batteries and smart chargers sold under various consumer brands like EBL Rechargeable AA Batteries and Dracutum AA Lithium Batteries

📊 Company Size and Personnel Comparison
 
Attribute Jiangxi DBK Co., Ltd. (and Group) Keeppower Technology Co., Ltd. Hongkong XTAR Co., Ltd.
Operational Tier Mass-Scale Component OEM/ODM. Forges raw lithium-ion cells and manufactures massive quantities of consumer electronics. Specialist Custom Pack Assembler. Specializes in applying protection circuitry (PCBs) to premium industrial/robotic packs. Premium Hardware Brand & OEM. Renowned globally for high-end battery chargers, specialized tactical/dive flashlights.
Total Personnel 1,200 to 3,000+ employees globally across active divisions. ~100 to 200 focused employees (specialized technicians and pack engineers). ~100 to 200 employees spanning design, engineering, and sales divisions.
Facility Footprint 256,668 m² industrial park in Fuzhou, Jiangxi, plus additional headquarters and factories in Shenzhen. Compact industrial footprint emphasizing micro-cleanroom precision pack welding and assembly. Mid-scale manufacturing facilities focusing on advanced plastics, electronics, and charger circuit assembly.
IP & R&D Scale Massive R&D operation holding 620+ active patents. Small, hyper-focused engineering team specialized in battery management systems (BMS). Focused R&D team holding nearly 200 active patents for smart multi-stage charging technologies.
Core Strengths Raw volume manufacturing, white-label high-drain 1.5V lithium AA cells, power banks, and budget kits. Industrial battery customization (drones, medical tools, custom robotics) utilizing tier-1 cells. Globally recognized retail brand for elite standalone smart chargers (e.g., VC4, VP4 series) and robust tactical lights.

 

 

Because Keeppower Technology Co., Ltd. is an assembler and “rewrapper” rather than a raw chemical factory, they source their base lithium-ion battery cells from major Tier-1 foundational manufacturers. They then wrap those cells with their own custom protection circuit modules (PCM/BMS) and heavy-duty casing. [1, 2, 3]
The primary manufacturers that produce the underlying cells for Keeppower depend entirely on the battery format:
 
1. For Cylindrical Cells (18650, 21700, 14500)
For their premium, high-end standalone lithium-ion line, Keeppower almost exclusively uses raw cells from the world’s top chemical conglomerates: [1, 2]
  • Panasonic / Sanyo: Famously used for their high-capacity packs (like the Keeppower 3400mAh Panasonic Pack).
  • Samsung SDI: Heavily utilized for high-drain, stable continuous discharge cells.
  • LG Energy Solution & Sony/Murata: Sourced regularly for industrial and tactical flashlight battery builds. [1, 2]
 
2. For Domestic Chinese Cells (Drones, High-Capacity Chinese Sourcing)
When building high-capacity budget cells, low-temperature series, or niche form factors (like certain 26650 or 14650 cells), Keeppower partners with major domestic Chinese tier-1 foundries: [1, 2]
  • DLG Battery, PLB (Power Long Battery), and Lishen: Often sourced for wide-body cells or custom high-capacity, low-temperature runs. [1]
 
3. For the 1.5V Lithium AA (4700mWh) Cells
For the specific 1.5V step-down consumer line (like the AA and AAA lithium batteries), Keeppower buys custom high-density 3.7V raw cells from domestic automated factories like Lishen or EVE Energy. Keeppower’s engineering team in Dongguan then integrates the internal 3.7V-to-1.5V step-down circuit board at the top of the cell before sealing it. [1, 2, 3]
 
 
 
 

 

 

 

 

 

illumn Reasonable price Reputable Ships to Canada

 Batteries – Batteries, Chargers, Battery Holders, PVC Wrap, and Terminal Protectors

Aliexpress Vapcell Direct Store  reputable more expensive than illumn

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9 cell 59CAD   (6600mAh / 73Wh)  based 3s 3p 220mah INR18650

K738H T114C N956C Battery for Dell Vostro 1310 1320 1320n 1510 1511 1520 1520n 2510 2510n Series PP36X T116C PP36L N241H 312-0724 PP36S [11.1V] Compatible Battery

 

9cell 35 CAD  (7800mah/ 2600mah 18650

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9cell   (97wh , 9000mah with 3000mah battery is the max on the market) 

like:
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Conclusion: Buying battery packs is a way of buying batteries

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Portable Pedal Spot Welding Machine Type-C Rechargeable 18650 Lithium Battery DIY Nickel Sheet TFT Color Screen Spot Welder Tool – AliExpress

 

AWithZ UF20B Spot Welder Super Farad Capacitor Spot Welding Machine 18650 Lithium Battery DIY Nickel Sheet Welding Machine EU – AliExpress 1420

A 12.8V LiFePO4 battery contains 4 cells in series, and a 25.6V LiFePO4 battery contains 8 cells in series.

This is because a single LiFePO4 cell has a nominal voltage of 3.2V,

so to reach the higher battery voltages, the cells are connected in series to sum their individual voltages. 

 
  • For a 12.8V battery: 4 cells x 3.2V/cell = 12.8V
  • For a 25.6V battery: 8 cells x 3.2V/cell = 25.6V

 

A 22.2V Li-ion battery pack contains six cells connected in series, a configuration known as “6S”. This is because

each individual Li-ion cell has a nominal voltage of approximately 3.7V,

and when six of these are placed in series, their voltages add up to the total nominal voltage of 22.2V (6 cells × 3.7V/cell = 22.2V)

 

Brand：LiitoKala
Model:35E（Flat）
Capacity:3500mah
Internal resistance:<35mΩ
Charging times: 1000 times
Battery voltage: standard voltage 3.7V,   or 3.6
the voltage after charging is 4.2V,
and the voltage when discharging is 2.5V.  or cut of 2.7

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