Globalization Deglobalization

US national security adviser Jake Sullivan said this week the United States believed there should be high-standard, non-coercive lending options available to low- and middle-income countries.

https://www.irishtimes.com/business/economy/2023/09/07/us-to-press-for-fundamental-reforms-of-imf-and-world-bank-at-g20-summit/

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Collapse of USSR (16 November 1988 – 26 December 1991) (3 years, 1 month, and 10 days)

US dominance (US IRAQ WAR 1991)

Since the 1980s, modern globalization has spread rapidly through the expansion of capitalism and neoliberal ideologies.^[45]

The implementation of neoliberal policies has allowed for the privatization of public industry, deregulation of laws or policies that interfered with the free flow of the market, as well as cut-backs to governmental social services.^[46]

These neoliberal policies were introduced to many developing countries in the form of structural adjustment programs (SAPs) that were implemented by the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund (IMF).^[45] +WTO

These programs required that the country receiving monetary aid would open its markets to capitalism, privatize public industry, allow free trade, cut social services like healthcare and education and allow the free movement of giant multinational corporations.^[47]

These programs allowed the World Bank and the IMF to become global financial market regulators that would promote neoliberalism and the creation of free markets for multinational corporations on a global scale.^[48]

2008 melt down and confession of Greenspan.

2012 in May 2012 the European statistics
bureau could declare the continent to have escaped recession, even though Greece was in freefall: Spain at 25 percent
unemployment and 50 percent youth unemployment; Portugal not far behind at somewhere between 30 percent and 45
percent youth unemployment, with its economy in constant contraction, in spite of a bailout and strict austerity measures?

As the technocrats try to measure out recoveries, the reality of economics lies in young, well-educated people,
fleeing abroad. This is the third great exodus of Greeks in a hundred years. Except that the first two were dominated by the lesser educated and poor. In classic class terminology, they left in order to better themselves. This time, of the almost half million Greeks who have left, 50 percent are young and educated. Often highly educated. A long-term catastrophe for Greece.
Even more catastrophic, given that following these departures there is still a 50 percent youth unemployment rate. A long-term unemployment rate of over 60 percent of the unemployed. And none of that includes those no longer looking for jobs.

Greece is by no means alone. Over 1.8 million young people have left Spain since 2008 and yet the official youth
unemployment rate remains at little below 50 percent. And a large percentage of the jobs are either precarious or part-time.
Well over a million young people have left France. Again, well educated. Again, a quarter of the young remain unemployed; still more have given up.

United States of America, where the Bush and Obama administration instituted Buy American Act clause as party of massive stimulus package, which was designed to favor American-made goods over traded goods. Likewise, the EU has imposed new subsidies to protect their agricultural sectors for their own protection. These movements of deglobalization can be seen as the example of how developed nations react to the Financial crisis of 2007–08 through deglobalization movements.^[16]

Recently a change in the pattern of anti-globalism has been observed: anti-globalism now has a strong foothold in the Global North and among right-wing (conservative) politicians,^[17]

with much different attitudes in the Global South, particular among the BRICS countries.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deglobalization#:~:text=A%20loss%20of%20interaction%2C%20the,international%20conflict%20can%20be%20expected.

China files complaint to WTO against US tariffs. Ersin Çelik. 07:15 . 23/08/2018 Thursday

https://www.yenisafak.com/en/news/china-files-complaint-to-wto-against-us-tariffs-3439390

The Trump administration began to restrict semiconductor sales to Huawei in 2019.

2022 the Biden administration expanded those controls, cutting Huawei’s access to both U.S. consumers and suppliers and issuing a punishing freeze on chip-making equipment to large swaths of China’s semiconductor industry.

URL:https://www.nytimes.com/2023/03/31/business/huawei-annual-earnings-2022.html#:~:text=The%20Trump%20administration%20began%20to,swaths%20of%20China’s%20semiconductor%20industry.

The ‘Three Amigos’ Talk Microchips Jan 2023

URL: https://foreignpolicy.com/2023/01/13/us-mexico-canada-summit-immigration-semiconductors/

2018 preface edition: Saul, John. 2005. The Collapse of Globalism: And the Reinvention of the World. Viking Canada.

The ‘Three Amigos’ Talk Microchips Jan 2023

1378 نگرانی فولادسازان از کاهش تعرفه واردات آهن‌آلات

نصف شدن تعرفه واردات در سال ۹۱

World Bank Welcomes Iran Subsidy Cuts, Foresees Sanction Woes

World Bank praises Iran for noticeable progress

The dark side of globalization – UNuniversity Collections