General APA
All Margins: 1 inch
Indent paragraphs and block quotations, Hanging Indentation: 0.5 Inch
Font should be 12-pt Times New Roman.
All text on the title page, and throughout your paper, should be double-spaced.
Running head is flush left in the header of every page. It is shortened title of max 50 characters, all capitalized.
Title information stays in the top half of the page.
Title is concise in 12 words or less.
The title of the paper is not in bold.
The title of Abstract is not in bold.
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Sources
A wonderful resource by Indian River State College Miley Library:
https://irsc.libguides.com/apa/formatreference
Famous Purdue guide:
Murdoch Guide
APA in- text citation https://libguides.murdoch.edu.au/APA/methods
An example of in text citation is shown in this:
According to Ghaseminejad (2007), democracy has human and non-human actors
that influence each other in a network of relationships (p. 96).
in references you say:
References:
Ghaseminejad, Amir H. (2007). An Informatics Theory of Effective Democracy: Democratic Wisdom Hypothesis and General Relativity of Democracy. International Journal of Technology Knowledge and Society, 2(7), 91–106.
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Citing Books that are authored by institutions
and
published by institutions
Book with organization as author :
in text:
Fires are hazardous (National Fire Protection Association [NFPA], 2009, p.2). But not every fire is dangerous (NFPA, 2009, p.3).
in references:
National Fire Protection Association. (2009). Fundamentals of fire fighting skills (2nd ed.). Sudbury, MA: Jones and Bartlett.
Book with the same organization as author and publisher
This is my favorite way of in text citation. You start the citation with the author, you rephrase the source (you do not use “”), then you put the page number at the end. This way it is perfectly clear what part of the sentence is abstracted from the source and which part is your contribution:
| According to (Project Management Institute [PMI], 2013c), there is a standard that hosts processes of project portfolio management (p. 56). In this article we will explain how these standards work in a very detailed way but for more information you have read more books. PMI (2013c) defines PPM as the “coordinated management of one of more portfolios to achieve organizational strategies and objectives” (pp. 5-7). |
You can also follow these format in text, although it is correct, I do not like this method because your writing and what you are citing are not differentiated as in the method above:
| Decomposing risk areas into specific risk events can help to combat overly optimistic thinking. This approach is consistent with the concept of developing a risk breakdown structure that is a hierarchical organization of project risks arranged by risk categories (Project Management Institute [PMI], 2017, p. 876). We are going to show the strength of this approach and you will enjoy our presentation. This organization of projects’ risks is very effective (PMI, 2017, p. 960). |
in references you will refer to these publications:
ReferencesProject Management Institute (PMI). (2017). A guide to the project management body of knowledge (PMBOK® guide) – Six edition. Newtown Square, PA: Author. Project Management Institute (PMI). (2013a). A guide to the project management body of knowledge (PMBOK® Guide) – Fifth edition. Newtown Square, PA: Author. Project Management Institute (PMI). (2013b). The standard for program management – Third edition. Newtown Square, PA: Author. Project Management Institute (PMI). (2013c). The standard for portfolio management – Third edition. Newtown Square, PA: Author. Project Management Institute (PMI). (2013d). Organizational project management maturity model (OPM3®) – Third edition. Newtown Square, PA: Author. |
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Book with known author:
Dahl, R. (1989). Democracy and its critics. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
Article in Journal:
Ball-Rokeach, S. J., & DeFleur, M. (1976). A dependency model of mass-media effects.
Communication Research, 3(1), 3–21.
http://www.apastyle.org/learn/faqs/use-parentheses.aspx
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Headings
| APA Headings | |||
| Level | position | Format | |
| 1 | Centered | Boldface | Uppercase the First Letter of each Word and Lowercase Rest |
| 2 | Left-aligned, | Boldface, | Uppercase the First Letter of each Word and Lowercase Rest |
| 3 | Indented, | boldface, | Lowercase all except the first letter of first word with period. |
| 4 | Indented | boldface, italicize | Lowercase all except the first letter of the first word with period. |
| 5 | Indented | italicized | Lowercase all except first word with period. |
| Level | Format |
| 1 | Center, Bold, Upper and Lowercase Heading |
| 2 | Flush Left, Bold, Upper and Lowercase Heading |
| 3 | Indent, bold, lowercase paragraph heading with a period at the end. |
| 4 | Indent, bold, italics, lowercase paragraph heading with a period at the end. |
| 5 | Indent, italics, lowercase paragraph heading with a period at the end. |
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Lists can be bulleted, numbered, or lettered.
For final versions they are better to be indented. Do the following in order:
1. Eat apple because it is good for you.
2. Exercise because it is good for you.
3. Sleep because it is good for you.
We need:
. Apple,
. Orange,
. Grape.
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Use parentheses
to set off structurally independent elements
Examples:
-
- The patterns were significant (see Figure 5).
- (When a complete sentence is enclosed in parentheses, place punctuation in the sentence inside the parentheses, like this.)
- If only part of a sentence is enclosed in parentheses (like this), place punctuation outside the parentheses (like this).
to set off letters that identify items in a series within a sentence or paragraph (see also section 3.04 on seriation)
-
- Example:
The subject areas included (a) synonyms associated with cultural interactions, (b) descriptors for ethnic group membership, and (c) psychological symptoms and outcomes associated with bicultural adaptation.
- Example:
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Examples
