### purchasing power parity (PPP) exchange rate The rate at which the currency of one country would have to be converted into that of another country to buy the same amount of goods and services in each country.

To understand PPP, let’s take a commonly used example, the price of a hamburger. If a hamburger is selling in London for £2 and in New York for $4, this would imply a PPP exchange rate of 1 pound to 2 U.S. dollars. This PPP exchange rate may well be different from that prevailing in financial markets (so that the actual dollar cost of a hamburger in London may be either more or less than the$4 it sells for in New York). This type of cross-country comparison is the basis for the well-known “Big Mac” index, which is published by the Economist magazine and calculates PPP exchange rates based on the McDonald’s sandwich that sells in nearly identical form in many countries around the world.

### Median Income PPP Countries

https://www.givingwhatwecan.org/blog/measuring-global-inequality-median-income-gdp-per-capita-and-the-gini-index

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Median_income

https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/median-income-by-country

https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.PP.CD?end=2021&locations=XP-IR&start=1990

### GDP per capita, PPP (current international $) = GDP per capita based on purchasing power parity (PPP). • PPP GDP is gross domestic product converted to international dollars using purchasing power parity rates. • An international dollar has the same purchasing power over GDP as the U.S. dollar has in the United States. • GDP at purchaser’s prices is the sum of gross value added by all resident producers in the economy plus any product taxes and minus any subsidies not included in the value of the products. • It is calculated without making deductions for depreciation of fabricated assets or for depletion and degradation of natural resources. https://data.subak.org/dataset/gdp-per-capita-ppp-current-international ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ Us debt https://www.usdebtclock.org 2021-Dec-14 Developing countries sent$2tn more to the rest of the world than they received. If we look at all years since 1980, these net outflows add up to an eye-popping total of $16.3tn – that’s how much money has been drained out of the global south over the past few decades. What this means is that the usual development narrative has it backwards. Aid is effectively flowing in reverse. Rich countries aren’t developing poor countries; poor countries are developing rich ones. ======================================================================== This screen shot is taken on 26 Sep 2018 🙂 =========================================================== With low inflation, Firms find it hard to cut wages in many cases—like when a recession strikes, reducing the demand for workers. But if inflation is high, then the real cost of labour can fall even if actual wages don’t (because workers become cheaper relative to the goods they are producing). The Economist explains Why the Fed targets 2% inflation The Economist explains Sep 13th 2015 by R.A. =================================================================== Economics CAD USDCAD Vancouver time Crude oil Prices 900mSMA+45c US Crude inventory https://www.eia.gov/petroleum/supply/weekly/ https://www.eia.gov/dnav/pet/PET_STOC_WSTK_DCU_NUS_W.htm https://www.eia.gov/opendata/qb.cfm?category=235678 ## Live Crude Oil Price in Canadian Dollars Today LON Time ## Live Crude Oil Price in Euro Today LON Time ## 365 day Crude Oil Price in EURO ## 3 year Crude Oil Price in EURO 8 Week US Crude OIL inventory; http://www.investing.com/commodities/crude-oil-advanced-chart http://www.investing.com/commodities/crude-oil-streaming-chart 56 days US Crude OIL Price; After Hours:UCO http://www.marketwatch.com/investing/fund/uco/charts?countryCode=US https://www.optionshouse.com After Hour Suggested By Nasdaq Stock Trades:$4.95 per Trade

https://ca.finance.yahoo.com/q?s=UCO

https://atweb.tdwaterhouse.ca/

http://www.macrotrends.net/1369/crude-oil-price-history-chart

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Greenspan’s Ideological Flaw was not a mistake
Then I saw:

No share or id values provided for youtube shortcode.

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Alan Greenspan: I made a mistake in assuming the the self interest of organizations, specifically banks and others, were such that they were best capable of protecting their own shareholders and their equity in the firms, and it’s been my experience, having worked both as a regulator for eighteen years and similar quantities in the private sector, especially ten years at a major international bank, that the loan officers at these institutions knew far more about the risks involved in the people to whom they lent money that I saw even our best regulators at the Fed capable of doing. So the problem here is something which looked to be a very  solid edifice, and, indeed, a critical pillar to market  competition and free markets, did break down. And I think that, as I said, shocked me…..

REP. HENRY WAXMAN: The question I have for you is, you had an ideology, you had a belief that free, competitive — and this is your statement — “I do have an ideology. My judgment is that free, competitive markets are by far the unrivaled way to organize economies. We’ve tried regulation. None meaningfully worked.” That was your quote.

You had the authority to prevent irresponsible lending practices that led to the subprime mortgage crisis. You were advised to do so by many others. And now our whole economy is paying its price.

Do you feel that your ideology pushed you to make decisions that you wish you had not made?

ALAN GREENSPAN: Well, remember that what an ideology is, is a conceptual framework with the way people deal with reality. Everyone has one. You have to — to exist, you need an ideology. The question is whether it is accurate or not.

And what I’m saying to you is, yes, I found a flaw. I don’t know how significant or permanent it is, but I’ve been very distressed by that fact.

REP. HENRY WAXMAN: You found a flaw in the reality…

ALAN GREENSPAN: Flaw in the model that I perceived is the critical functioning structure that defines how the world works, so to speak.

How Greenspan’s Framework Went Awry – Daniel Kahnema on assuming Firms as actors

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A short course on cost benefit analysis of sanctions by Madeleine Albright : We think the Price is worth it

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Job Description.

Some speculations and some facts

Petro Dollar research

Petro Dollar

\$

Iraq war

Iran Sanctions

Gen. Wesley Clark

Anomalies that are as important as normality

The Veblen effect is one of a family of theoretically possible anomalies in the general theory of demand in microeconomics. Other related effects include:
the snob effect: preference for goods because they are different from those commonly preferred; in other words, for consumers who want to use exclusive products, price is quality;[3]
the bandwagon effect: preference for a good increases as the number of people buying them increases;

These effects are discussed in a classic article by Leibenstein (1950).[4] The concept of the counter-Veblen effect is less well known, although it logically completes the family.[5]

None of these effects in itself predicts what will happen to actual quantity of goods demanded (the number of units purchased) as prices change—they refer only to preferences or propensities to purchase. The actual effect on quantity demanded will depend on the range of other goods available, their prices, and their substitutabilities for the goods concerned. The effects are anomalies within demand theory because the theory normally assumes that preferences are independent of price or the number of units being sold. They are therefore collectively referred to as interaction effects.

The interaction effects are a different kind of anomaly from that posed by Giffen goods. The Giffen goods theory is one for which observed demand rises as price rises, but the effect arises without any interaction between price and preference—it results from the interplay of the income effect and the substitution effect of a change in price.

Recent research has begun to examine the empirical evidence for the existence of goods which show these interaction effects.[6] The Yale Law Journal has published a broad overview.[7] Studies have also found evidence suggesting people receive more pleasure from more expensive goods.[8]

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Veblen_good

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Ben Bernanke Printing Money 100% confidence!

Ben Bernanke we are printing money, we are not printing money:

http://www.npr.org/blogs/itsallpolitics/2010/12/08/131903366/jon-stewart-busts-fed-s-chair-ben-bernanke-on-printing-money

BERNANKE: Well, this fear of inflation, I think is way overstated. We’ve looked at it very, very carefully. We’ve analyzed it every which way. One myth that’s out there is that what we’re doing is printing money. We’re not printing money. The amount of currency in circulation is not changing. The money supply is not changing in any significant way. …

Twenty-one months earlier on the same program and to the same reporter, Bernanke said something quite different:

Asked if it’s tax money the Fed is spending, Bernanke said, “It’s not tax money. The banks have accounts with the Fed, much the same way that you have an account in a commercial bank. So, to lend to a bank, we simply use the computer to mark up the size of the account that they have with the Fed. It’s much more akin to printing money than it is to borrowing.”

“You’ve been printing money?” Pelley asked.

“Well, effectively,” Bernanke said. “And we need to do that, because our economy is very weak and inflation is very low. When the economy begins to recover, that will be the time that we need to unwind those programs, raise interest rates, reduce the money supply, and make sure that we have a recovery that does not involve inflation.”

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Archer Daniels Midland Segment from “Fair Fight in the Marketplace” – YouTube

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Monetary Reform documentary

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http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Criminal_cases_against_Yulia_Tymoshenko_since_2010&oldid=600603807

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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Reichmann

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## CNBC: 1 April 2022 Recession signal: Key Treasury spread flips for first time since 2019

Treasury yields jumped on Friday’s jobs report, one day after the 2-year yield briefly rose above the 10-year yield for the first time since 2019, an inversion that often happens before economic recessions. That spread was on either side of inversion Friday morning. Some data providers showed the 2-year/10-year inverted for a few seconds on Tuesday, but CNBC data did not confirm it at the time.

### TREASURY YIELDS

TICKER  COMPANY  PRICE  CHANGE
US3M U.S. 3 Month Treasury 0.533 0.013
US2Y U.S. 2 Year Treasury 2.438 0.154
US5Y U.S. 5 Year Treasury 2.549 0.129
US10Y U.S. 10 Year Treasury 2.382 0.057
US30Y U.S. 30 Year Treasury 2.445 -0.001

In another key yield spread, which inverted Monday for the first time since 2006, the 5-year and the 30-year flipped again Friday. The short-duration yields going above the longer-dated ones signal the market concerns that the Fed might raise interest rates too quickly. A yield spread on a much shorter time horizon — the 3-month Treasury and the 2-year — has been decidedly positive.